Q: Is there a way to have non-constant case labels (i.e. ranges or arbitrary expressions)?
A: No. The switch statement was originally designed to be quite simple for the compiler to translate, therefore case labels are limited to single, constant, integral expressions. You can attach several case labels to the same statement, which will let you cover a small range if you don't mind listing all cases explicitly.
If you want to select on arbitrary ranges or non-constant expressions, you'll have to use an if/else chain.
See also questions 20.16 and 20.17.
References:
K&R1 Sec. 3.4 p. 55
K&R2 Sec. 3.4 p. 58
ISO Sec. 6.6.4.2
Rationale Sec. 3.6.4.2
H&S Sec. 8.7 p. 248
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